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Under the tenure systems adopted by many universities and colleges in the United States and Canada, some faculty positions have tenure and some do not. Typical systems (such as the widely adopted "1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure" of the American Association of University Professors [5]) allow only a limited period to establish a record of published research, ability ...
Historically these positions were called Lecturer and Senior Lecturer (see below). Recently some institutions rebranded such positions as "professor of teaching" or "teaching stream, assistant (or associate) professor". [2] Similar titles are used for tenured, tenure-track and continuing positions with larger teaching to research ratio (see above).
Limited tenure track positions have recently been introduced. [18] Granting of tenure and promotion to associate professor are not linked; one may be tenured yet remain an assistant professor or promoted to associate professor before being awarded tenure. Because the number of professor and associate professor position is nearly fixed, direct ...
The AAUP analysis determined that 73% of university teaching positions in the United States are non-tenure track. [8] In Canada, adjunct professors are often nominated in recognition of active involvement with the appointing institution. At the same time, they are employed by the government, industry, a profession, or another institution. [9]
A university may also offer research positions or professional track and clinical track academic positions which are said to be "non-tenure track". Positions with titles such as instructor, lecturer, adjunct professor, research professor etc. do not carry the possibility of tenure, have higher teaching loads (other than maybe the research ...
After seven years, if successful, assistant professors can get tenure and also get promotion to associate professor. [5] There is high demand for vacant tenure-track assistant professor positions, often with hundreds of applicants. Less than 20% of doctoral graduates move onto a tenure-track assistant professor position after graduation.
Postdoctoral research may be required for obtaining a tenure-track faculty position, especially at research-oriented institutions. Post-doctoral appointments that were traditionally optional have become mandatory in some fields as the degree of competition for tenure-track positions in academia has significantly increased over previous decades.
Judges in positions that are under federal control (federally appointed positions) are eligible to serve on the bench until age 75. In some but not all Provincial and Territorial positions, appointed judges have tenure until age 70 instead. As for removal from the bench, judges have only rarely been removed from the bench in Canada.