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Antibiotic synergy is desirable in a clinic sense for several reasons. At the patient level, the boosted antimicrobial potency provided by synergy allows the body to more rapidly clear infections, resulting in shorter courses of antibiotic therapy. [3] Shorter courses of therapy in turn reduce the effects of dose-related toxicity, if applicable ...
Different drugs in the same combination therapy act on different biological and biochemical pathways in the body to produce an additive effect. An example of combination therapy demonstrating additive effect is the use of β-2 adrenergic receptor agonists together with inhaled corticosteroids .
Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).
AZT was usually dosed twice a day in combination with other antiretroviral therapies. This approach is referred to as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and is used to prevent the likelihood of HIV resistance. [11] [12] As of 2019, the standard is a three-drug once-daily oral treatment that can include AZT. [13]
A therapeutic index does not consider drug interactions or synergistic effects. For example, the risk associated with benzodiazepines increases significantly when taken with alcohol, [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 20 ] depressants, [ 18 ] opiates, [ 19 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 20 ] [ 23 ] or stimulants [ 24 ] when compared with being taken alone.
Refers to the effects of treatment with a drug. If the effects change when the dose of the drug is changed, the effects are said to be dose-dependent. (NCI) Dose-limiting Describes side effects of a drug or other treatment that are serious enough to prevent an increase in dose or level of that treatment. (NCI) Dose-ranging study
Some unaltered drugs, such as penicillin, will bind avidly to proteins. Others must be bioactivated into a toxic compound that will in turn bind to proteins. The second criterion of cellular damage can come either from a toxic drug/drug metabolite, or from an injury or infection. These will sensitize the immune system to the drug and cause a ...
Concerns about polypharmacy include increased adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, prescribing cascade, and higher costs. [20] A prescribing cascade occurs when a person is prescribed a drug and experiences an adverse drug effect that is misinterpreted as a new medical condition, so the patient is prescribed another drug. [21]