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The Chinese monarchs were the rulers of China during Ancient and Imperial periods. [ a ] The earliest rulers in traditional Chinese historiography are of mythological origin , and followed by the Xia dynasty of highly uncertain and contested historicity.
The rulers of the previous Shang (c. 1600 – c. 1050 BC) and Zhou (c. 1056 – 256 BC) dynasties were referred to as 'king' (王 wáng). [11] By the time of the Zhou dynasty, they were also referred to as the Son of Heaven. [11] In 221 BC, King Ying Zheng of Qin completed the conquest of all the Warring States of ancient China.
Paramount leader, an informal list of those who have been considered the highest leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the People's Republic of China; Leader of the Chinese Communist Party; Chairman of the Kuomintang; List of leaders of the People's Republic of China of institutions; List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China
Solely political term for certain rulers of specific ancient Chinese states. [10] Bo (伯): Elder, Chief. A birth order term of seniority within the aristocracy indicating the most senior male member of a sublineage along the primary (patrilineal) line of descent. [8] [11] Zi (子): master, unratified lord, ruler, sir.
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) was the superlative title held by the monarchs who ruled various imperial dynasties or Chinese empires. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was the "Son of Heaven", an autocrat with the divine mandate right to rule all under Heaven.
China was a monarchy from prehistoric times up to 1912, when a republic was established. The succession of legendary monarchs of China were non-hereditary. Dynastic rule began c. 2070 BC when Yu the Great established the Xia dynasty, [d] and monarchy lasted until 1912 when dynastic rule collapsed together with the monarchical government. [5]
Map of tribes and tribal unions in Ancient China, including the tribes led by the Yellow Emperor, Emperor Yan and Chiyou. There are six to seven known variations on which people constitute the Three Sovereigns and the Five Emperors, depending on the source. [10] Many of the known sources were written in much later dynasties.
For most of its history, China was organized into various dynastic states under the rule of hereditary monarchs.Beginning with the establishment of dynastic rule by Yu the Great c. 2070 BC, [1] and ending with the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor in AD 1912, Chinese historiography came to organize itself around the succession of monarchical dynasties.