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The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (Arabic: فَتْحُ الأَنْدَلُس, romanized: fatḥu l-andalus; 711–720s), also known as the Arab conquest of Spain, [1] was the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania in the early 8th century.
The Battle of Guadalete was the first major battle of the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, fought in 711 at an unidentified location in what is now southern Spain between the Visigoths under their king, Roderic, and the invading forces of the Umayyad Caliphate, composed mainly of Berbers and some Arabs [1] under the commander Tariq ibn Ziyad.
Tariq ibn Ziyad (Arabic: طارق بن زياد Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād; c. 670 – c. 720), also known simply as Tarik in English, was an Umayyad commander who initiated the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (present-day Spain and Portugal) against the Visigothic Kingdom in 711–718 AD.
Arabic arrived with the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and spread gradually over the following centuries, primarily through conversion to Islam. [133] Arabic in al-Andalus became the language of administration and of literature [ 134 ] and a "vehicle for a higher culture, a literate and literary civilization."
From Northern Africa in 711, the Muslim Umayyad Caliphate crossed into Spain, at the invitation of a Visigothic clan to assist it in rising against King Roderic. Over the period 711–788, the Umayyads conquered most of the lands of the Visigothic kingdom of Hispania and established the territory known as Al-Andalus.
In 711, troops mostly formed by Moors from northern Africa led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The Iberian Peninsula then came to be known in Classical Arabic as al-Andalus, which at its peak included most of Septimania and modern-day Spain and Portugal. In 827, the Aghlabid Moors occupied Mazara on Sicily, developing it as a port. [8]
711. 27–28 April. Tariq ibn Ziyad lands an invasion force of Arabs and Berbers at Gibraltar. [15] This began the Muslim conquest of Spain. [16] 19 July. The Visigoths are defeated at the Battle of Guadalete. [17] Shortly thereafter. Roderic, the last Visigoth king, drowns while retreating. [18] (Date unknown). Córdoba and Galicia are ...
711: July: The Battle of Guadalete was the first major battle of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. ... Ferdinand the Saint conquered Arjona, Spain, Mula, Spain and ...