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Neuromuscular drugs are chemical agents that are used to alter the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles, causing effects such as temporary paralysis of targeted skeletal muscles. Most neuromuscular drugs are available as quaternary ammonium compounds which are derived from acetylcholine (ACh). [ 1 ]
Quaternary ammonium muscle relaxants are quaternary ammonium salts used as drugs for muscle relaxation, most commonly in anesthesia. It is necessary to prevent spontaneous movement of muscle during surgical operations. Muscle relaxants inhibit neuron transmission to muscle by blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. What they have in ...
Beta 2-adrenergic agonists, also known as adrenergic β 2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β 2 adrenergic receptor. Like other β adrenergic agonists , they cause smooth muscle relaxation. β 2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages , vasodilation in muscle and liver ...
Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist.It is included in the therapy for underactive bladder with poor contraction of detrusor muscle. [2] Since contraction of detrusor muscle in the bladder is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system, Bethanechol can bind to muscarinic receptors to stimulate activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and restore contraction of detrusor muscle.
Activation of β 2 receptors induces smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, and various blood vessels. Increased heart rate and heart muscle contraction are associated with the β1 receptors; however, β 2 cause vasodilation in the myocardium. [citation needed] β3 receptors are mainly located in adipose tissue. [5]
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine. They are found in the central and peripheral nervous system, muscle, and many other tissues of many organisms.
Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties. Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers . Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, smooth muscle and central nervous system, with norepinephrine being the highest affinity.
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasms , pain , and hyperreflexia . The term "muscle relaxant" is used to refer to two major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics .