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The United States Census has race and ethnicity as defined by the Office of Management and Budget in 1997. [1] The following median household income data are retrieved from American Community Survey 2021 1-year estimates. In this survey, the nationwide population was 331,893,745 in 2021. [2]
The United States Census has race and ethnicity as defined by the Office of Management and Budget in 1997. [1] The following median per capita income data are retrieved from American Community Survey 2018 1-year estimates. In this survey, the nationwide population is 327,167,439 and the per capita income was US$33,831 in 2018. [2]
Through the use of statistical controls, sociologists and economists "ask whether a given person with the same background characteristics, such as level of education, region of residence, gender, marital characteristics, has the same earnings as a statistically equivalent person from a different racial/ethnic group". [6]
The United States has a racially and ethnically diverse population. [1] At the federal level, race and ethnicity have been categorized separately. The most recent United States census recognized five racial categories (White, Black, Native American/Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander), as well as people who belong to two or more of the racial categories.
This graph shows the income since 1970 of different racial and ethnic groups in the United States (in 2014 dollars). [27] Since 1980, U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has increased 67%, [28] while median household income has only increased by 15%. Median household income is a politically sensitive indicator.
A 2017 study by the US National Science Foundation's annual census revealed pay gaps in different areas of science: there is a much larger proportion of men in higher-paying fields such as mathematics and computer science, the two highest-paying scientific fields. Men accounted for about 75% of doctoral degrees in those fields (a proportion ...
Compared to that of white people, the average market salary rate for black, Hispanics, and Asians were 72, 84, and 90 percent, respectively. Since market salary rates are predetermined before the applicants are hired, the differences in market salaries between each group is the result of occupational sorting. [8]
The top quintile in personal income in 2022 was $117,162 [2] (included in the chart below). The differences between household and personal income are considerable, since 61% of households now have two or more income earners. [3]