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Empty Langstroth hive frames with thick top bars. A Langstroth hive – stackable boxes opened from the top – is usually made to hold eight or ten frames per box, spaced about 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (38 mm) center to center. The frames are made of wood or plastic. The dimensions of the frames also vary. Various sizes have been given their own names.
A frame taken out of a Langstroth hive seen on the left of the picture. Before the dimensions of bee space were discovered, bees were mostly hived in skeps (conical straw baskets) or gums (hollowed-out logs that approximated the natural dwellings of bees), or in box hives (a thin-walled wooden box with no internal structure).
BS Commercial hive: A variation with the same cross-sectional dimensions as a BS National hive (18 in x 18 in, 460 mm x 460 mm), but deeper brood box (10 + 1 ⁄ 2 in or 270 mm) and supers intended for more prolific bees. The internal structure of the boxes is also simpler, resulting in wider frames (16 in or 410 mm) with shorter handles or lugs.
The most common variety is the "Illinois" or "medium" super with a depth of 6 5 ⁄ 8 inches, in the length and width dimensions of a Langstroth hive. A honey super consists of a box in which 8–10 frames are hung. Western honeybees collect nectar and store the processed nectar in honeycomb, which they build on the frames
A nuc hive has all the features of a standard 10 frame Langstroth hive, except for a reduced width.A typical nuc has 5 Langstroth frames arranged side-by-side. Nucs can also be created using other hive dimensions, with the British modified national hive being the most common in the United Kingdom. According to FERA's (Food and Environment Research Agency) National Bee Unit
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The National frames have a long top-bar to the frame (17 in or 430 mm) giving them long lugs of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (38 mm) that rest on the runners. In its original form, the National hive provides 3 ⁄ 8 in (9.5 mm) bottom beespace—that is, the top surface of the frame bar is flush with the top of the box, and the lower surface of the frame is ...