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In the human body, the lateral sacrococcygeal ligament is a bilaterally paired ligament extending between the transverse process coccyx, and the inferolateral angle of the sacrum. [1] The ligament forms a foramen for [2] [1] an anterior ramus [1] of the fifth sacral nerve (S5). [2] [1] The ligament may become ossified. [1]
It stretches from median sacral crest [3] and the free margin of the sacral hiatus [1] to the dorsal surface of the coccyx. [1] The lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments run from the lower lateral angles of the sacrum to the transverse processes of the first coccygeal vertebra to complete the foramina for the last sacral nerve. [1]
The sacral canal as a continuation of the vertebral canal runs throughout the greater part of the sacrum. The sacral angle is the angle formed by the true conjugate with the two pieces of sacrum. [clarification needed] Normally, it is greater than 60 degrees. A sacral angle of lesser degree suggests funneling of the pelvis. [clarification needed]
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, [1] is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation.The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images are often examined by radiologists.
The sacrum is curved upon itself and placed very obliquely, its base projecting forward and forming the prominent sacrovertebral angle when articulated with the last lumbar vertebra. It is also known as the "lumbosacral angle".
The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
The anterior sacrococcygeal ligament or ventral sacrococcygeal ligament consists of a few irregular fibers, which descend from the anterior surface of the sacrum to the front of the coccyx, blending with the periosteum. [1]
A simple test to determine whether the coccyx is involved is injection of local anesthetic into the area. If the pain relates to the coccyx, this should produce immediate relief. [5] If the anesthetic test proves positive, then a dynamic (sit/stand) X-ray or MRI scan may show whether the coccyx dislocates when the patient sits. [6]