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Graphs by hour of California's total electric load, the total load less solar and wind power (known as the duck curve) and solar power output. Data is for October 22, 2016, a day when the wind power output was low and steady throughout the day. In electrical engineering, a load profile is a graph of the variation in the electrical load versus ...
In 1999, the US Department of Energy projected that office equipment would be the fastest-growing commercial end use between 1998 and 2020. [5] The Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), a national sample survey project of the US Energy Information Administration, reported that based on 2003 data, 19% of the total energy of US office buildings is attributed to plug load energy ...
As a consequence, the overall load factor on UK railways is 35% or 90 people per train: [132] Conversely, airline services generally work on point-to-point networks between large population centres and are 'pre-book' in nature. Using yield management, overall load factors can be raised to around 70
Measured electrical use for cooking, appliances and occupant's plug loads ('unregulated energy' consumption) are some 55% lower than UK norms (bedzed-seven-years-on). [48] The Green Building in Manchester City Centre and has been built to high energy efficiency standards and won a 2006 Civic Trust Award for its sustainable design. [49]
If a transit vehicle spends half the time running at 100% and half the time running at 0%, the average load factor is 50%. Higher average load factor corresponds to lower energy consumption per passenger, so designers attempt to maximize this metric. Scheduled mass transit (i.e. buses or trains) trades off service frequency and load factor.
The weighting factors are 0.43 for the cold start and transient phases together and 0.57 for the hot start phase. [ citation needed ] Though it was originally created as a reference point for fossil fuelled vehicles, the UDDS and thus the FTP-75, are also used to estimate the range in distance travelled by an electric vehicle in a single charge.
It possible technique for savings in energy consumption in certain circumstances. Research in Taiwan [11] suggested that, for an industrial supply, for voltage reduction upstream of the transformer, there is a 0.241% decrease of energy consumption when the voltage is decreased by 1%, and an increase of 0.297% when the voltage is increased by 1% ...
The same method can be applied to any other alternative fuel vehicle when that vehicle's energy consumption is known. Generally the energy consumption of the vehicle is expressed in units other than W·h/mile, or Btu/mile so additional arithmetic is required to convert to a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE), using 33.7 kWh / gallon = 114989.17 ...