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Polyhydramnios is a medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.It is seen in about 1% of pregnancies. [1] [2] [3] It is typically diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is greater than 24 cm. [4] [5] There are two clinical varieties of polyhydramnios: chronic polyhydramnios where excess amniotic fluid accumulates gradually, and acute polyhydramnios ...
Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used primarily in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions. [1] It has other uses such as in the assessment of infection and fetal lung maturity. [ 2 ] Prenatal diagnostic testing, which includes amniocentesis, is necessary to conclusively diagnose the majority of genetic disorders, with amniocentesis ...
For reference, a normal SDP is 2–8 cm. A SDP <2 cm is considered oligohydramnios and a SDP >8 cm is considered polyhydramnios. The use of a SDP for diagnosis of oligohydramnios is associated with less false positives and thus less unnecessary interventions without an increase in adverse perinatal outcomes. [1]
The diagnosis of duodenal atresia is usually confirmed by radiography. An X-ray of the abdomen is the first step in evaluation. The x-ray should be obtained after placement of a nasogastric tube (feeding tube), evacuating the stomach and filling 40-50 ml of air [ 5 ] to demonstrate two large air filled spaces, the so-called "double bubble" sign.
Women with abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid, whether too much (polyhydramnios) or too little (oligohydramnios), are also at risk. [35] Anxiety and depression have been linked as risk factors for preterm birth. [35] [61] The use of tobacco, cocaine, and excessive alcohol during pregnancy increases the chance of preterm delivery.
Fetal macrosomia and LGA often do not present with noticeable patient symptoms. Important signs include large fundal height (uterus size) and excessive amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios). [6] Fundal height can be measured from the top of the uterus to the pubic bone and indicates that the newborn is likely large in volume. Excessive amniotic fluid ...
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), also known as feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS), twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence (TOPS) and stuck twin syndrome, is a complication of monochorionic multiple pregnancies (the most common form of identical twin pregnancy) in which there is disproportionate blood supply between the fetuses.
[2] [3] The diagnosis should be suspected if there is a sudden decrease in the baby's heart rate during labor. [4] [2] Seeing or feeling the cord confirms the diagnosis. [4] Management focuses on quick delivery, usually by cesarean section. [4] Filling the bladder or pushing up the baby by hand is recommended until this can take place. [4]