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FWD data is most often used to calculate stiffness-related parameters of a pavement structure. The process of calculating the elastic moduli of individual layers in a multi-layer system (e.g. asphalt concrete on top of a base course on top of the subgrade) based on surface deflections is known as "backcalculation", as there is no closed-form solution.
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]
A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, [1] and chemical engineering [2] to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction ...
The surface texture characteristics of SMA are similar to Open graded asphalt (OGA) so that the noise generated by traffic is lower than that on DGA but equal to or slightly higher than OGA. SMA can be produced and compacted with the same plant and equipment available for normal hot mix , using the above procedure modifications.
The R-Value test [1] measures the response of a compacted sample of soil or aggregate to a vertically applied pressure under specific conditions. This test is used by Caltrans for pavement design, replacing the California bearing ratio test.
Asphalt batch mix plant A machine laying asphalt concrete, fed from a dump truck. Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, [1] blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams. [2]
GBE translates the thickness of different road layers to a number using a set of coefficients. So, to calculate the GBE, the depth of each layer should be multiplied by the granular equivalency factor for the material in that layer. In the next step the sum of the converted layer thicknesses is calculated. [2]
Open-graded friction courses (OGFC) are a porous asphalt surface course used on highways to improve driving safety by removing water from the surface. These use an open-graded mix design for the top layer of asphalt. Unlike a full-depth porous asphalt pavement, OGFCs do not drain water to the base of a pavement.
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