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Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I (Mayan pronunciation: [kʼihniʧ χanaːɓ pakal]), also known as Pacal or Pacal the Great (March 24, 603 – August 29, 683), [N 1] was ajaw of the Maya city-state of Palenque in the Late Classic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology. He acceded to the throne in July 615 and ruled until his death.
A Maya king was expected to be an excellent military leader. He would often carry out raids against rival city-states. The Maya kings also offered their own blood to the gods. The rulers were also expected to have a good mind to solve problems that the city might be facing, including war and food crises.
The grandson of Janaab Pakal is the most famous of the Mayan kings, Kʼinich Janaab' Pakal, also known as Pakal the Great. He began rule at the age of 12 years after his mother Sak Kuk resigned as queen after three years, thus passing power on to him.
Yohl Ikʼnal was a grandmother or great-grandmother of Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, Palenque's greatest king. [2] She was a descendant of Kʼukʼ Bahlam I, the founder of the Palenque dynasty and she came to power within a year of the death of her predecessor, Kan Bahlam I. [3] Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, grandson or great-grandson of Yohl Ikʼnal
The Mask of Pakal is a funerary jade mask found in the tomb of the Mayan king, K’inich Janaab’ Pakal inside the Temple of the Inscriptions at the Maya city of Palenque in Chiapas, Mexico. Considered a master piece of Mesoamerican and Maya art , the mask is made with over 346 green jade stone fragments, the eyes are made with shell, nacre ...
Pakal’s dynastic position is not entirely certain, though he may have been the grandfather or brother of Ajen Yohl Mat. It seems that he never ascended to the high-kingship in his own right. He was the father of Lady Sak Kʼukʼ, one of the rare queens regnant of Maya history. His wife or mother was Yohl Ikʼnal. [2]
Temple of Inscriptions. The Temple of the Inscriptions (Classic Maya: Bʼolon Yej Teʼ Naah (Mayan pronunciation: [ɓolon jex teʔ naːh]) "House of the Nine Sharpened Spears" [1]) is the largest Mesoamerican stepped pyramid structure at the pre-Columbian Maya civilization site of Palenque, located in the modern-day state of Chiapas, Mexico.
Ahkal Moʼ Nahb III was born in 678, during the reign of his grandfather, Palenque's long-lived ruler Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I, often referred to as "Pakal the Great", because this ruler righted a kingdom that had been destabilized by enemy attacks and oversaw a building program that culminated in the Temple of the Inscriptions. [2]