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Police psychology, also referred to as "police and public safety psychology," was formally recognized in 2013 by the American Psychological Association as a specialty in professional psychology. [1] The goal of police psychology is to ensure law enforcement is able to perform their jobs safely, effectively, ethically, and lawfully.
The concept of professional policing was taken up by Robert Peel when he became Home Secretary in 1822, emphasising a rigorous and less discretionary approach to law enforcement. Peel's Metropolitan Police Act 1829 established a full-time, professional and centrally-organised police force for the Greater London area, known as the Metropolitan ...
Police science is the study of, and research into, police work. Studies and research in criminology, forensic science, psychiatry, psychology, jurisprudence, community policing, criminal justice, correctional administration and penology all come under this umbrella term 'police science'. It thus includes physical and social sciences.
In the United States, certification and licensure requirements for law enforcement officers vary significantly from state to state. [1] [2] Policing in the United States is highly fragmented, [1] and there are no national minimum standards for licensing police officers in the U.S. [3] Researchers say police are given far more training on use of firearms than on de-escalating provocative ...
New York City Police Department lieutenant debriefing police officers at Times Square. Law enforcement is the activity of some members of the government or other social institutions who act in an organized manner to enforce the law by investigating, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing people who violate the rules and norms governing that society. [1]
Criminal justice ethics (also police ethics) is the academic study of ethics as it is applied in the area of law enforcement.Usually, a course in ethics is required of candidates for hiring as law enforcement officials.
Having more police did not necessarily lead to fewer crimes. Canady, who spent 25 years working as a police officer and 12 years working in schools before taking over as director of NASRO over five years ago, said he thinks school police officers are “totally necessary” — assuming they have finished specific NASRO training.
The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (for short, the Ethics Code, as referred to by the APA) includes an introduction, preamble, a list of five aspirational principles and a list of ten enforceable standards that psychologists use to guide ethical decisions in practice, research, and education.