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The trophoblast (from Greek trephein: to feed; and blastos: germinator) is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst. Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. [ 1 ] They provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta .
It possesses an inner cell mass (ICM) also known as the embryoblast which subsequently forms the embryo, and an outer layer of trophoblast cells called the trophectoderm. [1] [2] This layer surrounds the inner cell mass and a fluid-filled cavity or lumen known as the blastocoel. [3] In the late blastocyst, the trophectoderm is known as the ...
Glands of Zeis are unilobar sebaceous glands located on the margin of the eyelid.The glands of Zeis service the eyelash.These glands produce an oily substance that is issued through the excretory ducts of the sebaceous lobule into the middle portion of the hair follicle.
After hatching, the embryonic pole of the blastocyst faces the uterine endometrium. Once they make contact the trophoblast begins to rapidly proliferate. The cytotrophoblast secretes proteolytic enzymes to break down the extracellular matrix between the endometrial cells to allow finger-like projections of trophoblast to penetrate through.
Image showing trophoblast differentiated into the two layers of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast during implantation. It is the outer layer of the trophoblasts and actively invades the uterine wall, during implantation, rupturing maternal capillaries and thus establishing an interface between maternal blood and embryonic extracellular fluid, facilitating passive exchange of material ...
The inner cell mass (ICM) or embryoblast (known as the pluriblast in marsupials) is a structure in the early development of an embryo.It is the mass of cells inside the blastocyst that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus.
According to studies, GTN is found more frequently in Asia compared to North America or Europe. [15] As of 2020, the reported incidence of choriocarcinoma ranges from 1 in 40 000 pregnancies in North America and Europe, to 9.2 and 3.3 per 40 000 pregnancies in Southeast Asia and Japan, respectively.
Beard believed that the following about the trophoblast: 1) The trophoblast represented the larval phase of human development 2) the embryo and trophoblast competed and were at odds of each other 3) at birth placenta dies and was ejected 4) Proteins in the trophoblast are "stereotactically different" from those in embryo. [2] [4] [5]