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Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by concern for scientific accuracy and logic. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell 's Islands of Space in the November issue of Astounding Science Fiction .
"Real Science, Imaginary Worlds" by Gregory Benford. This essay discusses diverse connections between hard science fiction and science fact, and with scientists, extremes of scale, postmodernism, fantasy, as well as others. Citing numerous hard SF works, he illuminates the type of far-ranging notions that can be explored while still operating ...
Hard science fiction is a sub-genre of science fiction with an emphasis on the scientific accuracy of the "hard" sciences (for example, physics, astronomy, chemistry). In contrast soft science fiction explores the "soft" sciences (for example, anthropology, sociology, psychology).
Science in science fiction is the study or of how science is portrayed in works of science fiction, including novels, stories, and films. It covers a large range of topics. Hard science fiction is based on engineering or the "hard" sciences (for example, physics, astronomy, or chemistry).
Speculative evolution is often considered hard science fiction because of its strong connection to and basis in science, particularly biology. [ 4 ] Speculative evolution is a long-standing trope within science fiction, often recognized as beginning as such with H. G. Wells 's 1895 novel The Time Machine , which featured several imaginary ...
Many of the most enduring science fiction tropes were established in Golden Age literature. Space opera came to prominence with the works of E. E. "Doc" Smith; Isaac Asimov established the canonical Three Laws of Robotics beginning with the 1941 short story "Runaround"; the same period saw the writing of genre classics such as the Asimov's Foundation and Smith's Lensman series.
The cover of the September 1957 issue of Venture Science Fiction, in which Sturgeon first published "90% of everything is crud.". Sturgeon's law (or Sturgeon's revelation) is an adage stating "ninety percent of everything is crap".
Science fiction (sometimes shortened to sci-fi or abbreviated SF) is a genre of speculative fiction which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.