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At low metallicity, all stars will reach core collapse with a hydrogen envelope but sufficiently massive stars collapse directly to a black hole without producing a visible supernova. [ 104 ] Stars with an initial mass up to about 90 times the Sun, or a little less at high metallicity, result in a type II-P supernova, which is the most commonly ...
A failed supernova is an astronomical event in time domain astronomy in which a star suddenly brightens as in the early stage of a supernova, but then does not increase to the massive flux of a supernova. They could be counted as a subcategory of supernova imposters. They have sometimes misleadingly been called unnovae. [1] [failed verification]
When core collapse occurs in a star with a core at least around fifteen times the Sun's mass (M ☉) — though chemical composition and rotational rate are also significant — the explosion energy is insufficient to expel the outer layers of the star, and it will collapse into a black hole without producing a visible supernova outburst.
A Type II supernova or SNII [1] (plural: supernovae) results from the rapid collapse and violent explosion of a massive star. A star must have at least eight times, but no more than 40 to 50 times, the mass of the Sun ( M ☉ ) to undergo this type of explosion. [ 2 ]
The Type Ib supernova SN 2008D [1] [2] in galaxy NGC 2770, shown in X-ray (left) and visible light (right), at the corresponding positions of the images. (NASA image.) [3]Type Ib and Type Ic supernovae are categories of supernovae that are caused by the stellar core collapse of massive stars.
Supernova remnants driving a shock through the interstellar medium (ISM). Shocks traveling through a massive star as it explodes in a core collapse supernova. [4] Shocks in interstellar gas, caused by a collision between molecular clouds or by a gravitational collapse of a cloud. Accretion shocks at the edge of galaxy clusters.
Gravitational collapse of a massive star, resulting in a Type II supernova. Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity. [1] Gravitational collapse is a fundamental mechanism for structure formation in the universe.
A pair-instability supernova is a type of supernova predicted to occur when pair production, the production of free electrons and positrons in the collision between atomic nuclei and energetic gamma rays, temporarily reduces the internal radiation pressure supporting a supermassive star's core against gravitational collapse. [1]