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A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long-term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics. This article contains the list of certain mnemonics in chemistry.
The word intron is derived from the term intragenic region, i.e., a region inside a gene. [1] The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding RNA sequence in RNA transcripts. [2] The non-intron sequences that become joined by this RNA processing to form the mature RNA are called exons. [3]
Across all eukaryotic genes in GenBank, there were (in 2002), on average, 5.48 exons per protein coding gene. The average exon encoded 30-36 amino acids. [7] While the longest exon in the human genome is 11555 bp long, several exons have been found to be only 2 bp long. [8] A single-nucleotide exon has been reported from the Arabidopsis genome. [9]
The genomic fragment is inserted into the intron of a 'splicing vector' consisting of a known exon - intron - exon sequence of DNA, and the vector is then inserted into an eukaryotic cell. If the fragment does not contain exons (i.e., consists solely of intron DNA), it will be spliced out together with the vector's original intron.
The word intron is derived from the terms intragenic region, [1] and intracistron, [2] that is, a segment of DNA that is located between two exons of a gene.The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding sequence in the unprocessed RNA transcript.
Exon shuffling is a molecular mechanism for the formation of new genes. It is a process through which two or more exons from different genes can be brought together ectopically , or the same exon can be duplicated , to create a new exon-intron structure. [ 1 ]
A minigene is a minimal gene fragment that includes an exon and the control regions necessary for the gene to express itself in the same way as a wild type gene fragment. This is a minigene in its most basic sense. More complex minigenes can be constructed containing multiple exons and intron(s).
Exon skipping is used to restore the reading frame within a gene. Genes are the genetic instructions for creating a protein, and are composed of introns and exons.Exons are the sections of DNA that contain the instruction set for generating a protein; they are interspersed with non-coding regions called introns.