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Replication of the low-copy-number ColIb-P9 depends upon Rep, which is produced by expression of the repZ gene. repZ expression requires formation of a pseudoknot in the mRNA. repZ is repressed by a small antisense Inc RNA, which binds to repZ mRNA, forms an Inc RNA-mRNA duplex, and prevents formation of the pseudoknot to inhibit repZ ...
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The major enzymatic functions carried out at the replication fork are well conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, but the replication machinery in eukaryotic DNA replication is a much larger complex, coordinating many proteins at the site of replication, forming the replisome.
An example is lacZ-α which codes for the N-terminus fragment of β-galactosidase, an enzyme that digests galactose. A multiple cloning site is located within lacZ-α , and an insert successfully ligated into the vector will disrupt the gene sequence, resulting in an inactive β-galactosidase.
Repeated sequences (also known as repetitive elements, repeating units or repeats) are short or long patterns that occur in multiple copies throughout the genome.In many organisms, a significant fraction of the genomic DNA is repetitive, with over two-thirds of the sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. [1]
Mismatches are commonly due to tautomerization of bases during DNA replication. The damage is repaired by recognition of the deformity caused by the mismatch, determining the template and non-template strand, and excising the wrongly incorporated base and replacing it with the correct nucleotide. The removal process involves more than just the ...
Schematic representation of the pBR322 plasmid, one of the first plasmids widely used as a cloning vector.. A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes. [1]