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Circumcision knife from the Congo; wood, iron; late 19th/early 20th century. The word circumcision is from Latin circumcidere, meaning "to cut around". [2] Circumcision is the oldest known surgical procedure. [86] Depictions of circumcised penises are found in Paleolithic art, [87] predating the earliest signs of trepanation. [86] [88]
Circumcision instruments are used at the time of surgery, and the circumcision is complete at the end of the procedure. The Gomco clamp, the Mogen clamp, and Unicirc are surgical instruments. [9] Circumcision devices remain on the penis for 4 to 7 days and either spontaneously detach or are removed surgically at a subsequent visit. [10]
Negative evaluation of circumcision as an unnecessary or culturally-bound practice was the norm for much of the 19th century. On circumcision in the Encyclopædia Britannica, the ninth edition published in 1876, discusses the practice as a religious rite among Jews, Muslims, the ancient Egyptians and tribal peoples in various parts of the world ...
Penis before and after circumcision. Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin, the double-layered fold of skin, mucosal and muscular tissue at the distal end of the human penis. [33] Around half of all circumcisions worldwide are performed for reasons of preventive healthcare; half for religious or cultural reasons.
Circumcision is widely practiced among Christian communities in the Anglosphere, Oceania, [40] South Korea, the Philippines, and the Middle East. [41] Circumcision is rare in Europe, East Asia, as well as in India. Christians in the East and West Indies (excluding the Philippines) do not practice it.
The British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) estimates this number to be lower at 2–10%. [4] Frenuloplasty might avoid the need for circumcision even when a clinician felt circumcision to be indicated at presentation. [3] A swelling of the penis occurs in 10–50% of patients after operation, usually lasting a few days.
Male circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin (prepuce) from the human penis. [1]There is substantial disagreement amongst bioethicists and theologians over the practice of circumcision, with many believing that the routine circumcision of neonates for health purposes is a cost-ineffective and ethically-problematic intervention in developed countries, while circumcision on a ...
Coptic children wearing traditional circumcision costumes. Circumcision has also played a major role in Christian history and theology. [12] [13] The Council of Jerusalem in the early Christian Church declared that circumcision was not necessary for Christians; [14] covenant theology largely views the Christian sacrament of baptism as fulfilling the Israelite practice of circumcision, both ...