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A right frustum is a right pyramid or a right cone truncated perpendicularly to its axis; [3] otherwise, it is an oblique frustum. In a truncated cone or truncated pyramid , the truncation plane is not necessarily parallel to the cone's base, as in a frustum.
For example, w = 0 describes a matter-dominated universe, where the pressure is negligible with respect to the mass density. From the generic solution one easily sees that in a matter-dominated universe the scale factor goes as / matter-dominated Another important example is the case of a radiation-dominated universe, namely when w = 1 / 3 .
The formula for the volume of a frustum of a paraboloid [23] [24] is: V = (π h/2)(r 1 2 + r 2 2), where h = height of the frustum, r 1 is the radius of the base of the frustum, and r 2 is the radius of the top of the frustum. This allows us to use a paraboloid frustum where that form appears more appropriate than a cone.
In chemistry, the mass concentration ρ i (or γ i) is defined as the mass of a constituent m i divided by the volume of the mixture V. [1]= For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the density of a component in a mixture.
The very ambiguous terms percent solution and percentage solutions with no other qualifiers continue to occasionally be encountered. In thermal engineering, vapor quality is used for the mass fraction of vapor in the steam. In alloys, especially those of noble metals, the term fineness is used for the mass fraction of the noble metal in the alloy.
The density of a solution is the sum of mass (massic) concentrations of the components of that solution. Mass (massic) concentration of each given component in a solution sums to density of the solution, =.
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
In mathematics, the moments of a function are certain quantitative measures related to the shape of the function's graph.If the function represents mass density, then the zeroth moment is the total mass, the first moment (normalized by total mass) is the center of mass, and the second moment is the moment of inertia.