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A vector treated as an array of numbers by writing as a row vector or column vector (whichever is used depends on convenience or context): = (), = Index notation allows indication of the elements of the array by simply writing a i, where the index i is known to run from 1 to n, because of n-dimensions. [1]
Concretely, in the case where the vector space has an inner product, in matrix notation these can be thought of as row vectors, which give a number when applied to column vectors. We denote this by V ∗ := Hom ( V , K ) {\displaystyle V^{*}:={\text{Hom}}(V,K)} , so that α ∈ V ∗ {\displaystyle \alpha \in V^{*}} is a linear map α : V → K ...
Note that, since x + y is a vector and α is a multi-index, the expression on the left is short for (x 1 + y 1) α 1 ⋯(x n + y n) α n. Leibniz formula For smooth functions f {\textstyle f} and g {\textstyle g} , ∂ α ( f g ) = ∑ ν ≤ α ( α ν ) ∂ ν f ∂ α − ν g . {\displaystyle \partial ^{\alpha }(fg)=\sum _{\nu \leq \alpha ...
A subgroup H of finite index in a group G (finite or infinite) always contains a normal subgroup N (of G), also of finite index. In fact, if H has index n, then the index of N will be some divisor of n! and a multiple of n; indeed, N can be taken to be the kernel of the natural homomorphism from G to the permutation group of the left (or right ...
Where needed, the notation extends to components of non-tensors, particularly multidimensional arrays. A tensor may be expressed as a linear sum of the tensor product of vector and covector basis elements. The resulting tensor components are labelled by indices of the basis. Each index has one possible value per dimension of the underlying ...
Converting a number from scientific notation to decimal notation, first remove the × 10 n on the end, then shift the decimal separator n digits to the right (positive n) or left (negative n). The number 1.2304 × 10 6 would have its decimal separator shifted 6 digits to the right and become 1,230,400 , while −4.0321 × 10 −3 would have its ...
The notation is also used to denote the characteristic function in convex analysis, which is defined as if using the reciprocal of the standard definition of the indicator function. A related concept in statistics is that of a dummy variable .
A user will input a number and the Calculator will use an algorithm to search for and calculate closed-form expressions or suitable functions that have roots near this number. Hence, the calculator is of great importance for those working in numerical areas of experimental mathematics. The ISC contains 54 million mathematical constants.