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New political thinking (or simply new thinking) [a] was the doctrine put forth by Mikhail Gorbachev as part of his reforms of the Soviet Union.Its major elements were de-ideologization of international politics, abandoning the concept of class struggle, priority of universal human interests over the interests of any class, increasing interdependence of the world, and mutual security based on ...
Perestroika (/ ˌ p ɛr ə ˈ s t r ɔɪ k ə / PERR-ə-STROY-kə; Russian: перестройка, IPA: [pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə] ⓘ) [1] was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.
Gorbachev was happy with the result, describing it as "an enormous political victory under extraordinarily difficult circumstances". [157] The new Congress convened in May 1989. [ 158 ] Gorbachev was then elected its chair—the new de facto head of state—with 2,123 votes in favor to 87 against. [ 159 ]
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Despite Gorbachev's concessions, both sides continued to make cautious careful moves towards full relations. Scientific and trade expositions resumed in 1986. [38] Gorbachev's new political thinking of 1988 sped up the normalization process significantly. It recognized that disarmament was key to the economic survival of the USSR, including ...
Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union and for many the man who restored democracy to then-communist-ruled European nations, was saluted Wednesday as a rare leader who changed the ...
The Sinatra Doctrine was a significant break from the earlier Brezhnev Doctrine, under which Moscow tightly controlled the internal affairs of satellite state.This had been used to justify the crushing of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, as well as the invasion of the non-Warsaw Pact nation of Afghanistan in 1979.
Just moments before that, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev announced his resignation in a live televised address, drawing a line under more than 74 years of Soviet history.