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Misinformation refers to false or inaccurate information shared unintentionally—simply getting the facts wrong. Disinformation , on the other hand, involves deliberately spreading false ...
Fake news or information disorder is false or misleading information (misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, and hoaxes) claiming the aesthetics and legitimacy of news. [1] Fake news often has the aim of damaging the reputation of a person or entity , [ 2 ] or making money through advertising revenue.
Thus, the theory has largely been debunked as a reliable explanation for why individuals believe misinformation. Misinformation interventions such as fact-checking and debunking stem from the underlying theory of the information deficit model, as they seek to correct false information with true information. While they may be useful in cases ...
Spreading false information can also seriously impede the effective and efficient use of the information available on social media. [124] An emerging trend in the online information environment is "a shift away from public discourse to private, more ephemeral, messaging ", which is a challenge to counter misinformation.
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact". [23]
According to Derakhshan, examples of malinformation can include "revenge porn, where the change of context from private to public is the sign of malicious intent", or providing false information about where and when a photograph was taken in order to mislead the viewer [3] (the picture is real, but the meta-information and its context is changed).
Information pollution (also referred to as info pollution) is the contamination of an information supply with irrelevant, redundant, unsolicited, hampering, and low-value information. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Examples include misinformation , junk e-mail , and media violence .
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