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The term "phantom" describes an object that is designed to resemble human tissue and can be evaluated, analyzed or manipulated to study the performance of a medical device. Phantoms are created using a digital file that is rendered through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computer-aided design (CAD).
It is used for accreditation by clinical and academic facilities for the American College of Radiology. [2] [3] The phantom was developed by Ronald J. Jaszczak [4] of Duke University, [5] and was filed for a patent in 1982. [6] It is a cylinder containing fillable inserts that is often used with a radionuclide such as Technetium-99m [7] or ...
The phantom has a 4D beating heart model which was derived from 4D tagged (MRI) data. The remaining organs in the torso of the phantom were designed based on the Visible Human Project CT data set and were composed of 3D NURBS surfaces. Respiratory motion was also incorporated into this phantom.
ACR Education Center – located in Reston, VA, offers specialized mini-fellowships in more than a dozen clinical areas. [3]American Institute for Radiologic Pathology (AIRP) – The AIRP conducts five courses for radiology residents and fellows, and seven categorical courses for practicing radiologists and other physicians each year in Silver Spring, MD.
At the spine, a volumetric BMD measurement is made using QCT and rather than using T-Scores, it should be compared to guideline thresholds from the American College of Radiology (ACR): [16] a BMD < 80 mg/cm3 indicates osteoporosis; a BMD < 120 mg/cm3 and > 80 mg/cm3 indicates osteopenia; and a BMD above 120 mg/cm3 is considered normal.
Ideally, the background field can be directly measured with a separate reference scan, where the sample of interest is replaced by a uniform phantom with the same shape while keeping the scanner shimming identical. However, for clinical application, such an approach is impossible and post-processing based methods are preferred.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is methodology in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterized by a pseudo-randomized acquisition strategy. It involves creating unique signal patterns or 'fingerprints' for different materials or tissues after which a pattern recognition algorithm matches these fingerprints with a predefined dictionary of expected signal patterns.
Phantom structure; Phase space measurement with forward modeling; Photoacoustic imaging; Photoactivated localization microscopy; Photographic plate; Photomultiplier tube; PI-RADS; Portable magnetic resonance imaging; Positron Corporation; Preclinical imaging; Pretargeting (imaging)
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