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Mataram–Srivijayan wars, also called as Pralaya (lit. 'Destruction') in Javanese inscription of Pucangan, were a military engagements between two rival kingdoms of the Srivijaya of Shailendra and Mataram kingdom of Ishana, intermittently from c. 937 when the Srivijayan forces attempted to approach the Mataram capital, until 1016 when the kingdom of Mataram was collapsed due to a rebellion ...
The ancient Javanese kingdoms of Singhasari and Majapahit were among the most powerful maritime empires in the region, whose boundaries included most of Maritime Southeast Asia and parts of Indochina. Javanese heritage has created magnificent religious monuments such as Borobudur and Prambanan which are among the world's largest temples.
The ancient Javanese did recognise the Hindu catur varna or caste social classes; Brahmana (priests), Kshatriya (kings, warlords and nobles), Vaishya (traders and artisans), and Shudra (servants and slaves). Nevertheless, the social stratification system in ancient Java slightly differ from those of India, as it is less rigid. [103]
This is a partial list of the identified hereditary rulers on the Indonesian island Java, and the adjacent island Madura.. Included are some states and rulers whose existence remain open to conjecture, due to inadequate historical evidence, while others are historically verifiable.
Taxes and fines were paid in cash. Javanese economy had been partly monetised since the late 8th century, using gold and silver coins. Previously, the 9th-century Wonoboyo hoard discovered in Central Java shows that ancient Javan gold coins were seed-shaped, similar to corn, while the silver coins were similar to buttons. In about the year 1300 ...
Java was the site of many influential kingdoms in the Southeast Asian region, [71] and as a result, many literary works have been written by Javanese authors. These include Ken Arok and Ken Dedes, the story of the orphan who usurped his king, and married the queen of the ancient Javanese kingdom; and translations of Ramayana and Mahabharata.
The Old Javanese–English Dictionary, written by Professor P.J. Zoetmulder in 1982, contains approximately 25,500 entries, no fewer than 12,500 of which are borrowed from Sanskrit. This large number is not an indication of usage, but it is an indication that the Ancient Javanese knew and employed these Sanskrit words in their literary works.
Kalingga (Javanese: Karajan Kalingga; Chinese: 訶陵; pinyin: Hēlíng; Middle Chinese: [hɑ.lɨŋ]) or She-po or She-bo (Chinese: 闍婆; pinyin: Shépó; Middle Chinese: [d͡ʑia.buɑ]) in Chinese sources, [1] or Ho-ling in Arabic scriptures of Umayyad Caliphate era; [2] was a 6th-century Indianized kingdom [broken anchor] on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.