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  2. Felicific calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicific_calculus

    The felicific calculus is an algorithm formulated by utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) for calculating the degree or amount of pleasure that a specific action is likely to induce. Bentham, an ethical hedonist , believed the moral rightness or wrongness of an action to be a function of the amount of pleasure or pain that it ...

  3. Ethical calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethical_calculus

    A formal philosophy of ethical calculus is a development in the study of ethics, combining elements of natural selection, self-organizing systems, emergence, and algorithm theory. According to ethical calculus, the most ethical course of action in a situation is an absolute, but rather than being based on a static ethical code, the ethical code ...

  4. Science of morality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_of_morality

    Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham discussed some of the ways moral investigations are a science. [9] He criticized deontological ethics for failing to recognize that it needed to make the same presumptions as his science of morality to really work – whilst pursuing rules that were to be obeyed in every situation (something that worried Bentham).

  5. Philosophy of human rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_human_rights

    Bentham criticised the Declaration both for the language that it adopted and the theories it posited, stating; “Look to the letter, you find nonsense; look beyond the letter, you find nothing.” [44] One of the critiques Bentham levelled against the Declaration was its assertions of rights in the form of absolute and universal norms. [45]

  6. John Stuart Mill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill

    [citation needed] He was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by his predecessor Jeremy Bentham. He contributed to the investigation of scientific methodology , though his knowledge of the topic was based on the writings of others, notably William Whewell , John Herschel , and Auguste Comte , and research carried out for ...

  7. Moral realism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_realism

    Moral realism (also ethical realism) is the position that ethical sentences express propositions that refer to objective features of the world (that is, features independent of subjective opinion), some of which may be true to the extent that they report those features accurately.

  8. List of calculus topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_calculus_topics

    Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach; Nonstandard calculus; Infinitesimal; Archimedes' use of infinitesimals; For further developments: see list of real analysis topics, list of complex analysis topics, list of multivariable calculus topics

  9. Portal:Philosophy/Selected article/2006-13 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Philosophy/Selected...

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