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Gondwana (/ ɡ ɒ n d ˈ w ɑː n ə /) [1] was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent. The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Zealandia, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent.
Bedrock geological map of Ireland. Layers of Upper Carboniferous sedimentary rocks, Loop Head, County Clare. The geology of Ireland consists of the study of the rock formations on the island of Ireland. It includes rocks from every age from Proterozoic to Holocene and a large variety of different rock types is represented.
Location of the Hercynian-Alleghenian mountain belts in the middle of the Carboniferous period.Present day coastlines are indicated in grey for reference. [1]The Variscan orogeny, or Hercynian orogeny, was a geologic mountain-building event caused by Late Paleozoic continental collision between Euramerica (Laurussia) and Gondwana to form the supercontinent of Pangaea.
"A review of the evolution of the Mozambique Belt and implications for the amalgamation and dispersal of Rodinia and Gondwana". Proterozoic East Gondwana: supercontinent assembly and breakup. Geological Society. ISBN 1-86239-125-4. van Hinsbergen, D. J. J. (2011). The Formation and Evolution of Africa: A Synopsis of 3.8 Ga of Earth History ...
The Moroccan Anti-Atlas range in West Gondwana was, in contrast, characterised by evaporites, evidence of desiccation, and had thrombolites. Avalonia and Gondwana must therefore have been located far from each other during this period. The two did, however, share a geological history from later in the early Cambrian until the mid-Orodovician. [8]
The sedimentary deposition from this mountain chain, known as the Gondwana Super-fan, exceeded 100 million cubic kilometres (24 million cubic miles) or the equivalent to covering the United States with c. 10 km (6.2 mi) of sediment, lasted for 260 million years and coincided with the Cambrian explosion, the sudden radiation of animal life c ...
According to Robert John Pankhurst, "The Ferrar Supergroup is well known as being representative of a Middle Jurassic (and partly later), Gondwana-wide continental flood basalts event which includes Tasmanian dolerites, the Karoo Supergroup of southern Africa and the Serra Geral basalts of central South America."
The main exposures of the Armorican terrane are found throughout Brittany, the Channel Islands, parts of Upper Normandy, forming the Armorican Massif. [1] Other fragments thought to have originally formed part of the Armorican terrane assemblage include rock units exposed in the Vosges, Black Forest, Bohemian Massif [2] and most of the Iberian peninsula.