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Various labeling techniques such as enzymatic labeling, protein labeling, and genetic labeling are widely utilized. Ethidium bromide, fluorescein and green fluorescent protein are common tags. The most commonly labelled molecules are antibodies, proteins, amino acids and peptides which are then used as specific probes for detection of a ...
Through measurement of this energy transfer, interactions between biomolecules can be assessed by coupling each partner with a fluorescent label and detecting the level of energy transfer. Acceptor emission as a measure of energy transfer can be detected without needing to separate bound from unbound assay components (e.g. a filtration or wash ...
Maleimide-mediated methodologies are among the most used in bioconjugation. [5] [6] Due to fast reactions and high selectivity towards cysteine residues in proteins, a large variety of maleimide heterobifunctional reagents are used for the preparation of targeted therapeutics, assemblies for studying proteins in their biological context, protein-based microarrays, or proteins immobilisation. [7]
Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) is a fluorescent cell staining dye. CFSE is cell permeable and covalently couples, via its succinimidyl group, to intracellular molecules, [1] notably, to intracellular lysine residues and other amine sources.
I.e., FluoProbes488 reduces the background in Flow Cytometry [5] and in slide microscopy allowing sharper and brighter images. [6] FluoProbes 488, 547H and 647H are found more photostable [ 7 ] that is taken to good account in applications using long illuminations periods (i.e. scanning such as in confocal microscopy ), [ 8 ] or for longer ...
Fluorescein can be introduced to a plant's veins through the roots or a cut stem. The dye is able to be taken up into the plant the same way as water and moves from the roots to the top of the plant due to a transpirational pull. [29] The fluorescein that has been taken up into the plant can be visualized under a fluorescent microscope.
Fluorescein amidites, abbreviated as FAM, are important synthetic equivalents of fluorescein dye used in oligonucleotide synthesis and molecular biology. FAM is used in the preparation of fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide probes for the detection of the presence of the complementary nucleic acids or primers for polymerase chain reaction .
[4] [5] Immunofluorescence is a widely used example of immunostaining (using antibodies to stain proteins) and is a specific example of immunohistochemistry (the use of the antibody-antigen relationship in tissues). This technique primarily utilizes fluorophores to visualize the location of the antibodies, while others provoke a color change in ...