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Social epidemiology focuses on the patterns in morbidity and mortality rates that emerge as a result of social characteristics. While an individual's lifestyle choices or family history may place him or her at an increased risk for developing certain illnesses, there are social inequalities in health that cannot be explained by individual factors. [1]
Major research challenges in social epidemiology include tools to strengthen causal inference, [5] [6] methods to test theoretical frameworks such as Fundamental Cause Theory, [7] translation of evidence to systems and policy changes that will improve population health, [8] and mostly obscure causal mechanisms between exposures and outcomes. [9]
According to the World Health Organization, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". [4] The quality of health and how health is distributed among economic and social status in a society can provide insight into the level of development within that society. [ 5 ]
Social determinants of health have a huge impact on the lives of many individuals. It impacts their job likelihood, success, health, and future. For instance, those who come from lower socioeconomic status are more likely to develop health conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Some factors that affect these individuals and their health are ...
The largest three poverty-related diseases (PRDs)—AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis—account for 18% of diseases in poor countries. [56] The disease burden of treatable childhood diseases in high-mortality, poor countries is 5.2% in terms of disability-adjusted life years but just 0.2% in the case of advanced countries. [56]
This impairment affects all areas of life—education, occupation, social and family connections, etc. Due to the many challenges, patients will likely drift to a lower SES because they are unable to keep up with previous standards.
Socioeconomic status has long been related to health, those higher in the social hierarchy typically enjoy better health than those below. [23] Socioeconomic status is an important source of health inequity , as there is a very robust positive correlation between socioeconomic status and health.
In looking at sociality and disease transmission, an examination of how social grouping strategies may reduce or increase the spread of disease is critical for the health of large groups of people. Social groups , community structures , and cultures affect the use of different strategies and behaviors to reduce the spread of disease.