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It can be shown that if is a pseudo-random number generator for the uniform distribution on (,) and if is the CDF of some given probability distribution , then is a pseudo-random number generator for , where : (,) is the percentile of , i.e. ():= {: ()}. Intuitively, an arbitrary distribution can be simulated from a simulation of the standard ...
In the asymptotic setting, a family of deterministic polynomial time computable functions : {,} {,} for some polynomial p, is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG, or PRG in some references), if it stretches the length of its input (() > for any k), and if its output is computationally indistinguishable from true randomness, i.e. for any probabilistic polynomial time algorithm A, which ...
The second row is the same generator with a seed of 3, which produces a cycle of length 2. Using a = 4 and c = 1 (bottom row) gives a cycle length of 9 with any seed in [0, 8]. A linear congruential generator (LCG) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation.
Blum Blum Shub takes the form + =, where M = pq is the product of two large primes p and q.At each step of the algorithm, some output is derived from x n+1; the output is commonly either the bit parity of x n+1 or one or more of the least significant bits of x n+1.
This algorithm is a randomized version of Kruskal's algorithm. Create a list of all walls, and create a set for each cell, each containing just that one cell. For each wall, in some random order: If the cells divided by this wall belong to distinct sets: Remove the current wall. Join the sets of the formerly divided cells.
This is the case, for example, in critical applications where any errors in the algorithm would have very serious consequences or when using a computer to prove a mathematical theorem. Brute-force search is also useful as a baseline method when benchmarking other algorithms or metaheuristics. Indeed, brute-force search can be viewed as the ...
A call graph generated for a simple computer program in Python. A call graph (also known as a call multigraph [1] [2]) is a control-flow graph, [3] which represents calling relationships between subroutines in a computer program.
The simple Sethi–Ullman algorithm works as follows (for a load/store architecture): . Traverse the abstract syntax tree in pre- or postorder . For every leaf node, if it is a non-constant left-child, assign a 1 (i.e. 1 register is needed to hold the variable/field/etc.), otherwise assign a 0 (it is a non-constant right child or constant leaf node (RHS of an operation – literals, values)).