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[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
The most common Lewis bases are anions. The strength of Lewis basicity correlates with the pK a of the parent acid: acids with high pK a 's give good Lewis bases. As usual, a weaker acid has a stronger conjugate base. Examples of Lewis bases based on the general definition of electron pair donor include: simple anions, such as H − and F −
The bond angle for a symmetric tetrahedral molecule such as CH 4 may be calculated using the dot product of two vectors. As shown in the diagram at left, the molecule can be inscribed in a cube with the tetravalent atom (e.g. carbon) at the cube centre which is the origin of coordinates, O. The four monovalent atoms (e.g. hydrogens) are at four ...
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H 2 C O 3.The molecule rapidly converts to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of water. However, in the absence of water, it is quite stable at room temperature.
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, (H 2 CO 3), [2] characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula CO 2− 3.The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate group O=C(−O−) 2.
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As with any buffer system, the pH is balanced by the presence of both a weak acid (for example, H 2 CO 3) and its conjugate base (for example, HCO − 3) so that any excess acid or base introduced to the system is neutralized.
In the same year that Brønsted and Lowry published their theory, G. N. Lewis created an alternative theory of acid–base reactions. The Lewis theory is based on electronic structure. A Lewis base is a compound that can give an electron pair to a Lewis acid, a compound that can accept an electron pair.