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1821, July 10 – The borders between Oregon Country and Mexico are changed, as well as Spain ceding Florida, after Spain ratifies the Adams-Onís Treaty, which was drafted in 1819. 1822–1823 – The First Mexican Empire annexes Central America, but Central America declares independence in July 1823 following the fall of the Mexican monarchy.
12 February 1986 — France and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Canterbury, defining a land frontier between the two countries. This border becomes physical with the breakthrough of the Channel Tunnel on 1 December 1990. 1990 — East Germany unites with West Germany on October 3.
Distinct Land Borders: Refers to the number of separate geographic boundaries a country shares with its neighbors. A single country may have multiple distinct land borders with the same neighbour (e.g., due to enclaves, exclaves, or disconnected regions). Distinct Land Neighbours: Refers to the number of unique countries a nation borders via land.
Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present) National border changes: List of territory purchased by a sovereign nation from another sovereign nation; List of national border changes (1815–1914) List of national border changes (1914–present)
Below are separate lists of countries and dependencies with their land boundaries, and lists of which countries and dependencies border oceans and major seas. The first short section describes the borders or edges of continents and oceans/major seas. Disputed areas are not considered.
A winter view of the Vlahina Mountain near the border with North Macedonia. The eastern border (378 km) is maritime and encompasses the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast from Cape Sivriburun in the north to the mouth of the Rezovo River in the south. [11] Bulgaria's littoral forms 1/10 of the total Black Sea coastline, and includes two important gulfs ...
1919 at the Treaty of Neuilly, border between Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. 1991 Independence for the Republic of Macedonia. Blagoevgrad - Kočani. 1913 at the Treaty of Bucharest, border between Bulgaria and Serbia. 1991 Independence for the Republic of Macedonia. Kyustendil - Skopje. 1878 Bulgarian independence, border between Bulgaria and the ...
The list includes all countries listed in the List of countries, the French overseas departments, the Spanish and Portuguese overseas regions and inhabited overseas dependencies. See List of extinct countries, empires, etc. and Former countries in Europe after 1815 for articles about countries that are no longer in existence.