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William E. Cross Jr. (1940 - December 5, 2024) was a theorist and researcher in the field of ethnic identity development, specifically Black identity development. [1] He is best known for his nigrescence model, first detailed in a 1971 publication, and his book, Shades of Black, published in 1991.
This model offers an alternative identity development process compared to the minority identity development models widely used in the student affairs profession. [20] However, it does not accurately address how societal racism affects the development process of people of color [ 20 ] and suggests that there is only one healthy identity outcome ...
Cultural socialization is the mode by which parents of ethnic children communicate cultural values and history to address ethnic and racial issues. [4] Research has consistently linked cultural socialization with positive psycho-social outcomes such as a decrease in anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms, and overall psychological distress as a result of facing discrimination. [4]
According to data compiled from 1,786 Black and 7,350 white participants ages 9 to 10, racial disparities were reflected in differing adversity outcomes for each group.
The topics of interest include identity development, world-views and belief systems, parenting styles, interventions for promoting resilience and persistence, and strategies for enhancing more accurate diagnostic and treatment modalities. The research and themes covered in the book are applicable to many fields in psychology.
As parents, we spend so much time trying to teach, nurture and protect our children, and it can be easy to forget that words can play a big role in how kids view the world. This is particularly ...
Savannah is the co-anchor of TODAY at NBC News. She also serves as NBC News' chief legal correspondent and as a primary anchor for the network's election coverage. She joined TODAY as a co-host of ...
His theory assumed that African Americans are "believed to be socialized into the predominant culture, which resulted in diminished racial identification", [1] and thus the Nigrescence model posits that an encounter with an instance of racism or racial discrimination may precipitate the exploration and formation of racial identity, and foster a ...