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Poster promoting gender-critical feminism. Feminists who describe themselves as "gender-critical" say that biological sex is "real, important, and immutable" and is "not to be conflated with gender identity", and that feminism should organize with emphasis on the basis of sex rather than gender.
Gender-critical feminists believe that sex is biological, immutable, and binary, and consider the concepts of gender identity and gender self-identification to be inherently oppressive constructs tied to gender roles. [6] [7] They reject transgender identities; for example, they describe trans women as men. [8]
The judgment found that Forstater's gender-critical beliefs were protected, meeting the final requirement in Grainger plc v Nicholson, specifically that they were "worthy of respect in a democratic society". However, in its judgment, the Tribunal clarified that this finding does not mean that people with gender-critical beliefs can express them ...
Allison Bailey claims that LGBT charity Stonewall induced her employer, Garden Court Chambers, to investigate her over her gender-critical beliefs.
Psychoanalytical feminists believe that gender inequality comes from early childhood experiences, which lead men to believe themselves to be masculine, and women to believe themselves feminine. It is further maintained that gender leads to a social system that is dominated by males, which in turn influences the individual psycho-sexual development.
Gender and sexual identities are seen, in much of this work, to be demonstrably defiant definitions and configurations. — Jay Stewart [ 14 ] In an influential essay, Michael Warner argued that queerness is defined by what he called 'heteronormativity'; those ideas, narratives and discourses which suggest that heterosexuality is the default ...
Feminist empiricists believe in the concept of positivism; that all knowledge can be understood objectively and can be accessed through empirical research. [17] They assert that pre-feminist positivism was actually not objective at all, since traditional positivism's 'androcentric bias' led to only partial or 'subjective' knowledge of the world ...
Gender-resistant feminisms concentrate on particular actions and group dynamics that maintain women's subordination even within subcultures that profess to be pro-equality. Gender revolution feminisms aim to upend the social order by dissecting its categories and concepts and examining how inequality is reproduced in culture.