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The wood anatomy includes the study of the structure of the bark, cork, xylem, phloem, vascular cambium, heartwood and sapwood and branch collar. The main topic is the anatomy of two distinct types of wood: Softwoods [7] Hardwoods [8]
Tree cross section diagram. From the outside to the inside of a mature woody stem, the layers include the following: [20] Bark Periderm Cork (phellem or suber), includes the rhytidome; Cork cambium (phellogen) Phelloderm; Cortex; Phloem; Vascular cambium; Wood Sapwood (alburnum) Heartwood (duramen) Pith (medulla)
The trunk consists of five main parts: The outer bark, inner bark , cambium, sapwood (live xylem), and heartwood (dead xylem). [2] From the outside of the tree working in: The first layer is the outer bark; this is the protective outermost layer of the trunk. Under this is the inner bark which is called the phloem. The phloem is how the tree ...
A section of a yew branch showing 27 annual growth rings, pale sapwood, dark heartwood, and pith (center dark spot). The dark radial lines are small knots. Heartwood (or duramen [12]) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation is a genetically programmed ...
It transports water and minerals from the roots to the upper parts of the tree. The oldest, inner part of the sapwood is progressively converted into heartwood as new sapwood is formed at the cambium. The conductive cells of the heartwood are blocked in some species. Heartwood is usually darker in colour than the sapwood.
The dead, usually darker inner wood of a large diameter trunk is termed the heartwood and is the result of tylosis. The outer, living wood is termed the sapwood. The outer, living wood is termed the sapwood.
Mallet of lignum vitae, all sapwood Wood of Bulnesia sarmientoi. Lignum vitae (/ ˈ l ɪ ɡ n ə m ˈ v aɪ t i,-ˈ v iː t aɪ / [1]), also called guayacan or guaiacum, [2] and in parts of Europe known as Pockholz or pokhout, is a wood from trees of the genus Guaiacum. The trees are indigenous to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South ...
Sapwood – Scandent – a stem that climbs. Spine – an adapted leaf that is usually hard and sharp and is used for protection, and occasionally shading, of the plant; Stem – vascular tissue that provides support for the plant, Stolon – a horizontally growing stem similar to a rhizome, produced near the base of the plant. They spread out ...