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Palladium oxide is prepared by heating palladium sponge metal in oxygen at 350 °C. 2 Pd + O 2 → 2 PdO. The oxide is obtained as a black powder. The oxide also may be prepared specially for catalytic use by heating variously a mixture of palladium(II) chloride and potassium nitrate, 2 PdCl 2 + 4 KNO 3 → 2 PdO + 4 KCl + 4 NO 2 + O 2 ...
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Palladium is also used in electronics, dentistry, medicine, hydrogen purification, chemical applications, groundwater treatment, and jewelry. Palladium is a key component of fuel cells, in which hydrogen and oxygen react to produce electricity, heat, and water. Ore deposits of palladium and other PGMs are rare.
Palladium forms a variety of ionic, coordination, and organopalladium compounds, typically with oxidation state Pd 0 or Pd 2+. Palladium(III) compounds have also been reported. Palladium compounds are frequently used as catalysts in cross-coupling reactions such as the Sonogashira coupling and Suzuki reaction.
Organopalladium chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions. Palladium is often used as a catalyst in the reduction of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen. This process involves the formation of a palladium-carbon covalent bond.
Platinum(IV) oxide, PtO 2, also known as "Adams' catalyst", is a black powder that is soluble in potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions and concentrated acids. [41] PtO 2 and the less common PtO both decompose upon heating. [13] Platinum(II,IV) oxide, Pt 3 O 4, is formed in the following reaction: 2 Pt 2+ + Pt 4+ + 4 O 2− → Pt 3 O 4
An oxide (/ ˈ ɒ k s aɪ d /) is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element [1] in its chemical formula. "Oxide" itself is the dianion (anion bearing a net charge of –2) of oxygen, an O 2– ion with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials ...
Protactinium(IV) oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Pa O 2. The black oxide is formed by reducing Pa 2 O 5 with hydrogen at 1 550 °C. Protactinium(IV) oxide does not dissolve in H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , or HCl solutions, but reacts with HF.