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  2. Cracking (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracking_(chemistry)

    Schematic flow diagram of a fluid catalytic cracker. The catalytic cracking process involves the presence of solid acid catalysts, usually silica-alumina and zeolites. The catalysts promote the formation of carbocations, which undergo processes of rearrangement and scission of C-C bonds. Relative to thermal cracking, cat cracking proceeds at ...

  3. Corrosion fatigue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion_fatigue

    In true corrosion fatigue, the fatigue-crack-growth rate is enhanced by corrosion; this effect is seen in all three regions of the fatigue-crack growth-rate diagram. The diagram on the left is a schematic of crack-growth rate under true corrosion fatigue; the curve shifts to a lower stress-intensity-factor range in the corrosive environment.

  4. Delayed coker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delayed_coker

    A delayed coker is a type of coker whose process consists of heating a residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in a furnace with multiple parallel passes. This cracks the heavy, long chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and petroleum coke. [1] [2] [3]

  5. Visbreaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visbreaker

    A schematic diagram of a Visbreaker unit. The term coil (or furnace) visbreaking is applied to units where the cracking process occurs in the furnace tubes (or "coils")."). Material exiting the furnace is quenched to halt the cracking reactions: frequently this is achieved by heat exchange with the virgin material being fed to the furnace, which in turn is a good energy efficiency step, but ...

  6. Steam cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_cracking

    Steam cracking is a petrochemical process in which saturated hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller, often unsaturated, hydrocarbons. It is the principal industrial method for producing the lighter alkenes (or commonly olefins ), including ethene (or ethylene ) and propene (or propylene ).

  7. Burton process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_process

    This thermal cracking process was patented on January 7, 1913 (Patent No. 1,049,667). The first thermal cracking method, the Shukhov cracking process, was invented by Vladimir Shukhov (Patent of Russian Empire No. 12926 on November 27, 1891). While the Russians contended that the Burton process was essentially a slight modification of the ...

  8. Water splitting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_splitting

    Diagram of the chemical equation of the electrolysis of water, a form of water splitting. Water splitting is the chemical reaction in which water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen : [ 1 ] 2 H 2 O → 2 H 2 + O 2

  9. Shukhov cracking process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukhov_cracking_process

    Shukhov designed and built the first thermal cracking device for the petrochemical industry.His patent (Shukhov cracking process – patent of Russian Empire No. 12926 from November 27, 1891) on cracking was used to invalidate Standard Oil's patents (Burton process – Patent of United States No. 1,049,667 on January 7, 1913) on oil refineries.