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A expansion joint, or movement joint, is an assembly designed to hold parts together while safely absorbing temperature-induced expansion and contraction of building materials. They are commonly found between sections of buildings , bridges , sidewalks , railway tracks , piping systems , ships , and other structures.
The standards are a combination of a variety of expansion joint manufacturers' knowledge and experience. [2] [3] The EJMA organization performs extensive technical research on a variety of topics concerning the design and manufacturing of expansion joints. [4] This knowledge contributes to providing new versions of the EJMA book of standards.
They are differentiated according to the three basic types of movement: axial, angular and lateral expansion joints. Expansion joints have usage in various sectors, like energy production, paper industry, chemical industry, water treatment, oil and gas. Expansion joints can be used wherever thermal movements or vibration occurs in pipelines.
A breather switch, expansion joint, or adjustment switch is an intentional gap in railway tracks to allow for thermal expansion in long sections of otherwise unbroken rail. . They are placed between very long sections of continuous welded rail or at the transition from continuous welded rail to jointed track, and commonly in the vicinity of bridges, viaducts and tunnels where the ...
An integral bridge contains no expansion joints, spanning monolithically from abutment to abutment. [1] Movement due to thermal expansion and contraction or braking loads is accommodated by the end walls or abutments. [2] [3] Where intermediate supports are specified (e.g. bridge piers) these may also serve to resist thermal expansion movements ...
Toroidal Expansion Joint - U.S. Bellows, Inc. A Toroidal expansion joint is a metallic assembly that consists of a series of toroidal convolutions which are circular tubes wrapped around pipe ends or weld ends and have a gap at the inside diameter to allow for axial stroke while absorbing changes in expansion or contraction of the pipe line. [1]
Slip joints are common under conditions where temperature changes can cause expansion and contraction that may overstress a structure. These are generally referred to as expansion joints . Bridges and overpasses frequently have sliding joints that allow a deck to move relative to piers or abutments.
Historically, such joints had few applications, even following the improved design proposed by Alfred H. Rzeppa in 1936. However, in 1959, Alec Issigonis had developed the revolutionary Mini motor car that relied on the Hardy Spicer joints for its front wheel drive technology. The massive expansion in the exploitation of front wheel drive in ...