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Body sites in which brachytherapy can be used to treat cancer. Brachytherapy is commonly used to treat cancers of the cervix, prostate, breast, and skin. [1]Brachytherapy can also be used in the treatment of tumours of the brain, eye, head and neck region (lip, floor of mouth, tongue, nasopharynx and oropharynx), [10] respiratory tract (trachea and bronchi), digestive tract (oesophagus, gall ...
[4] [9] Adverse effects may be class-dependent, and so switching to a biologic of another class may ameliorate those effects. [ 7 ] Potential serious adverse effects include allergic reactions , liver damage, cancer, and serious infections including tuberculosis , pneumonia , staph infection , and fungal infection .
The radiation does not affect the back passage (rectum, blue) at all. When LDR prostate brachytherapy (seed or polymer source implantation) is carried out, an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum (back passage), and images from this probe are used to assess the size and shape of the prostate gland. This is done so that the doctor can ...
The risk of dying from prostate cancer or having acute bladder side effects may be similar to that of longer radiation treatment. [28] Others use a "triple modality" combination of external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, and hormonal therapy.
In the case of external beam radiotherapy, X-rays are delivered from outside the body by a machine called a Linear Accelerator or Linac. In contrast, brachytherapy involves the precise placement of radiation source(s) directly at the treatment site. IORT includes a one-time dose of radiation administered with breast surgery.
The most common medications affect mainly the fast-dividing cells of the body, such as blood cells and the cells lining the mouth, stomach, and intestines. Chemotherapy-related iatrogenic toxicities can occur acutely after administration, within hours or days, or chronically, from weeks to years.
The heart functions as a pump and acts as a double pump in the cardiovascular system to provide a continuous circulation of blood throughout the body. This circulation includes the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation. Both circuits transport blood but they can also be seen in terms of the gases they carry.
An increase in sympathetic stimulation to the heart increases contractility and heart rate. An increase in contractility tends to increase stroke volume and thus a secondary increase in preload. An increase in preload results in an increased force of contraction by Starling's law of the heart; this does not require a change in contractility.