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Bossa nova (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈbɔsɐ ˈnɔvɐ] ⓘ) is a relaxed style of samba [nb 1] developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [2] It is mainly characterized by a calm syncopated rhythm with chords and fingerstyle mimicking the beat of a samba groove, as if it was a simplification and stylization on the guitar of the rhythm produced by a samba school band.
Bossa nova stick pattern (Play ⓘ). The so-called "bossa nova clave" (or "Brazilian clave") has a similar rhythm to that of the son clave, but the second note on the two-side is delayed by one pulse (subdivision). The rhythm is typically played as a snare rim pattern in bossa nova music. The pattern is shown below in 2
The song title refers to the main melody line, which at first consists of a long series of notes of a single tone (typically D, as played in the key of G) played over a descending chord progression in a bossa nova rhythm. The first eight measures consist of D, followed by four measures of G, and then four measures of D.
Bossa nova is a hybrid form based on the samba rhythm, but influenced by European and American music from Debussy to US jazz. Bossa nova originated in the 1950s, largely from the efforts of Brazilians Antonio Carlos Jobim and João Gilberto. Its most famous song is arguably "The Girl from Ipanema" sung by Gilberto and his wife, Astrud Gilberto.
Opening chord: minor eleventh chord (Am9/D). [6] Play ⓘ Rhythmic ostinato, a transformation of the bossa nova rhythm. [7]A modal jazz piece, the composition follows a 32-bar AABA form with only two chords in each section: [8]
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The rhythm section plays chords and rhythms that outline the composition structure and complement the soloist. [16] In avant-garde and free jazz , the separation of soloist and band is reduced, and there is license, or even a requirement, for the abandoning of chords, scales, and meters.
Although bossa nova was the prevailing sound at the time, Baden and Vinicius wanted to combine samba with Afro-Brazilian forms such as candomblé, umbanda, and capoeira. In 1966 they released Os Afro-Sambas de Baden e Vinicius .