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All these sequences may be viewed as generalizations of the Fibonacci sequence. In particular, Binet's formula may be generalized to any sequence that is a solution of a homogeneous linear difference equation with constant coefficients. Some specific examples that are close, in some sense, to the Fibonacci sequence include:
Mathematics, physics, and astronomy. Jacques Philippe Marie Binet ( French: [binɛ]; 2 February 1786 – 12 May 1856) was a French mathematician, physicist and astronomer born in Rennes; he died in Paris, France, in 1856. He made significant contributions to number theory, and the mathematical foundations of matrix algebra which would later ...
Perrin number. Spiral of equilateral triangles with side lengths equal to Perrin numbers. In mathematics, the Perrin numbers are a doubly infinite constant-recursive integer sequence with characteristic equation x3 = x + 1. The Perrin numbers bear the same relationship to the Padovan sequence as the Lucas numbers do to the Fibonacci sequence .
Eighteenth-century mathematicians Abraham de Moivre, Nicolaus I Bernoulli, and Leonhard Euler used a golden ratio-based formula which finds the value of a Fibonacci number based on its placement in the sequence; in 1843, this was rediscovered by Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, for whom it was named "Binet's formula". [29]
The prototypical example here is to derive Binet's formula for the Fibonacci numbers via generating function techniques. We also notice that the class of rational generating functions precisely corresponds to the generating functions that enumerate quasi-polynomial sequences of the form [11]
The coefficients of the Fibonacci polynomials can be read off from a left-justified Pascal's triangle following the diagonals (shown in red). The sums of the coefficients are the Fibonacci numbers. If F ( n, k) is the coefficient of xk in Fn ( x ), namely. then F ( n, k) is the number of ways an n −1 by 1 rectangle can be tiled with 2 by 1 ...
The Binet equation, derived by Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, provides the form of a central force given the shape of the orbital motion in plane polar coordinates. The equation can also be used to derive the shape of the orbit for a given force law, but this usually involves the solution to a second order nonlinear, ordinary differential equation.
If = and =, the sequence is the Fibonacci sequence, and the above formula is Binet's formula. If n = 1 , x 0 = 2 , x 1 = 1 {\displaystyle n=1,x_{0}=2,x_{1}=1} one has the Lucas numbers . If n = 2 , {\displaystyle n=2,} the metallic mean is called the silver ratio , and the elements of the sequence starting with x 0 = 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}=0 ...