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The earliest use of the word "risk" was as a synonym for the much older word "hazard", meaning a potential source of harm. This definition comes from Blount's "Glossographia" (1661) [ 11 ] and was the main definition in the OED 1st (1914) and 2nd (1989) editions.
Pharmacology. An adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery. [ 1] An adverse effect may be termed a "side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect. The term complication is similar to adverse effect, but the latter is typically used in ...
Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. [ 15] Problematic use of alcohol has been mentioned in the earliest historical records.
The etymology of the term addiction throughout history has been misunderstood and has taken on various meanings associated with the word. [243] An example is the usage of the word in the religious landscape of early modern Europe. [244] "Addiction" at the time meant "to attach" to something, giving it both positive and negative connotations.
t. e. Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, [ 1] such as race, gender, age, religion, physical attractiveness or sexual orientation. [ 2] Discrimination typically leads to groups being unfairly ...
Bullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse, aggressively dominate or intimidate. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) of an imbalance of physical or social power.
Malware (a portmanteau of malicious software) [1] is any software intentionally designed to cause disruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak private information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems, deprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the user's computer security and privacy.
Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity. Racism can be present in social actions, practices, or political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices.