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Modality principle: Deeper learning occurs when graphics are explained by audio narration instead of on-screen text. Exceptions have been observed when learners are familiar with the content, are not native speakers of the narration language, or when only printed words appear on the screen. [ 25 ]
The split-attention effect is a learning effect inherent within some poorly designed instructional materials. It is apparent when the same modality (e.g. visual) is used for various types of information within the same display. Users must split their attention between the materials, for example, an image and text, to understand the information ...
In the 1990s, cognitive load theory was applied in several contexts. The empirical results from these studies led to the demonstration of several learning effects: the completion-problem effect; [11] modality effect; [12] [13] split-attention effect; [14] worked-example effect; [15] [16] and expertise reversal effect. [17]
Distance education. Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school, [ 1][ 2] or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance. [ 3] Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student corresponded with ...
Multisensory integration, also known as multimodal integration, is the study of how information from the different sensory modalities (such as sight, sound, touch, smell, self-motion, and taste) may be integrated by the nervous system. [ 1] A coherent representation of objects combining modalities enables animals to have meaningful perceptual ...
Online learning involves courses offered by primary institutions that are 100% virtual. Online learning, or virtual classes offered over the internet, is contrasted with traditional courses taken in a brick-and-mortar school building. It is a development in distance education that expanded in the 1990s with the spread of the commercial Internet ...
Multimodality is the application of multiple literacies within one medium. Multiple literacies or "modes" contribute to an audience's understanding of a composition. [ 1] Everything from the placement of images to the organization of the content to the method of delivery creates meaning. This is the result of a shift from isolated text being ...
Theory of multiple intelligences. The intelligence modalities. The theory of multiple intelligences (MI) proposes the differentiation of human intelligence into specific intelligences, rather than defining intelligence as a single, general ability. [ 1] The theory has been criticized for its lack of empirical evidence, its dependence on ...