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Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [23] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction , thus causing flaccid paralysis . [ 24 ]
Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, [ 1] rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. [ 2][ 3] C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Initially, they were grouped together by their ability to produce botulinum toxin and are now known as four ...
Average wholesale price. In the United States, the average wholesale price ( AWP) is a prescription drug term referring to the average price for medications offered at the wholesale level. [ 1] The metric was originally intended to convey real pricing information to third-party payers, including government prescription drug programs.
Sources say the pharmaceutical company that manufactures Botox, Allergan, charges providers around $6-7 per unit, making the average patient cost more like $10-15 per unit (with metropolitan areas ...
Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus is a medical technique used sometimes in the management of strabismus, in which botulinum toxin is injected into selected extraocular muscles in order to reduce the misalignment of the eyes. The injection of the toxin to treat strabismus, reported upon in 1981, is considered to be the first ever use of ...
Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [ 1][ 2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.
Alan B. Scott. Alan Brown Scott (July 13, 1932 – December 16, 2021 [1]) was an American ophthalmologist specializing in eye muscles and their disorders, such as strabismus (eye misalignment). He is best known for his work in developing and manufacturing the drug that became known as Botox, research described as "groundbreaking" by the ASCRS. [2]
Price index. A price index ( plural: "price indices" or "price indexes") is a normalized average (typically a weighted average) of price relatives for a given class of goods or services in a given region, during a given interval of time. It is a statistic designed to help to compare how these price relatives, taken as a whole, differ between ...