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Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [23] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction , thus causing flaccid paralysis . [ 24 ]
Average wholesale price. In the United States, the average wholesale price ( AWP) is a prescription drug term referring to the average price for medications offered at the wholesale level. [ 1] The metric was originally intended to convey real pricing information to third-party payers, including government prescription drug programs.
Usually they are inherited from an earlier period, which is sometimes called the expenditure base period. Generally, the expenditure weights are updated occasionally, but the prices are updated in every period. Prices are drawn from the time period the index is supposed to summarize." [3] [4] Lowe indexes are named for economist Joseph Lowe.
Sources say the pharmaceutical company that manufactures Botox, Allergan, charges providers around $6-7 per unit, making the average patient cost more like $10-15 per unit (with metropolitan areas ...
Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, [ 1] rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. [ 2][ 3] C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Initially, they were grouped together by their ability to produce botulinum toxin and are now known as four ...
Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [ 1][ 2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.
The wholesale price index (WPI) is based on the wholesale price of a few relevant commodities of over 240 commodities available. The commodities chosen for the calculation are based on their importance in the region and the point of time the WPI is employed. For example, in India about 435 items were used for calculating the WPI in base year ...
“Preventative Botox involves using Botox injections before wrinkles and fine lines become deeply etched into the skin,” explains New York- and California-based dermatologist Dr. Karyn Grossman ...