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Antithyroid autoantibodies (or simply antithyroid antibodies) are autoantibodies targeted against one or more components on the thyroid. The most clinically relevant anti-thyroid autoantibodies are anti- thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO antibodies, TPOAb), thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb).
Thyroid peroxidase, also called thyroperoxidase (TPO), thyroid specific peroxidase or iodide peroxidase, is an enzyme expressed mainly in the thyroid where it is secreted into colloid. Thyroid peroxidase oxidizes iodide ions to form iodine atoms for addition onto tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin for the production of thyroxine (T 4 ) or ...
Elevated titres of thyroid tissue antibodies (TPO-ab or microsomal) Euthyroidism (potentially achieved by treatment with L-T4 or L-T3) or mild hypothyroidism with TSH concentration below 20 mIU/L No evidence for infectious, toxic, metabolic or neoplastic processes in blood, urine or CSF analyses
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. [ 1][ 6] A slightly broader term is autoimmune thyroiditis, identical other than that it is also used to describe a similar condition without a goiter. [ 7][ 8] Early on ...
Frequency. 0.3–0.4% (USA) [8] Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, constipation, slow ...
Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis, also called painless or silent thyroiditis, occurs in individuals with underlying autoimmune disease or after pregnancy. [ 2][ 4][ 5] It is considered to be a variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. When subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis occurs up to 12 months postpartum, it is called postpartum thyroiditis.
Anti-histone antibodies are autoantibodies that are a subset of the anti-nuclear antibody family, which specifically target histone protein subunits or histone complexes. [1] They were first reported by Henry Kunkel, H.R. Holman, and H.R.G. Dreicher in their studies of cellular causes of lupus erythematosus in 1959–60.
The human thyroid (tan), as viewed from the front; and arteries (red) supplying the gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck below the Adam's apple. The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans, it is in the neck and consists of two connected lobes.
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