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  2. Tangent lines to circles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_lines_to_circles

    k = 1 is the tangent line to the right of the circles looking from c 1 to c 2. k = −1 is the tangent line to the right of the circles looking from c 2 to c 1. The above assumes each circle has positive radius. If r 1 is positive and r 2 negative then c 1 will lie to the left of each line and c 2 to the right, and the two tangent lines will ...

  3. Polar coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system

    Dividing the second equation by the first yields the Cartesian slope of the tangent line to the curve at the point (r(φ), φ): = ′ ⁡ + ⁡ ′ ⁡ ⁡. For other useful formulas including divergence, gradient, and Laplacian in polar coordinates, see curvilinear coordinates .

  4. Kappa curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_curve

    The kappa curve has two vertical asymptotes. In geometry, the kappa curve or Gutschoven's curve is a two-dimensional algebraic curve resembling the Greek letter ϰ (kappa). The kappa curve was first studied by Gérard van Gutschoven around 1662. In the history of mathematics, it is remembered as one of the first examples of Isaac Barrow 's ...

  5. Ellipse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse

    The pole is the point; the polar the line. By calculation one can confirm the following properties of the pole-polar relation of the ellipse: For a point (pole) on the ellipse, the polar is the tangent at this point (see diagram: ,).

  6. Folium of Descartes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folium_of_Descartes

    Implicit differentiation gives the formula for the slope of the tangent line to this curve to be [3] =. Using either one of the polar representations above, the area of the interior of the loop is found to be 3 a 2 / 2 {\displaystyle 3a^{2}/2} .

  7. Analytic geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_geometry

    v. t. e. In mathematics, analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate system. This contrasts with synthetic geometry. Analytic geometry is used in physics and engineering, and also in aviation, rocketry, space science, and spaceflight. It is the foundation of most modern ...

  8. Tangential angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_angle

    In geometry, the tangential angle of a curve in the Cartesian plane, at a specific point, is the angle between the tangent line to the curve at the given point and the x -axis. [1] (. Some authors define the angle as the deviation from the direction of the curve at some fixed starting point. This is equivalent to the definition given here by ...

  9. Tangent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent

    Tangent line to a space curve. In mathematics, a tangent vector is a vector that is tangent to a curve or surface at a given point. Tangent vectors are described in the differential geometry of curves in the context of curves in R n. More generally, tangent vectors are elements of a tangent space of a differentiable manifold.