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When cost accounting was developed in the 1890s, labor was the largest fraction of product cost and could be considered a variable cost. Workers often did not know how many hours they would work in a week when they reported on Monday morning because time-keeping systems (based in time book) were rudimentary. Cost accountants, therefore ...
When a company sells more than one type of product, the product mix (the ratio of each product to total sales) will remain constant. The components of CVP analysis are: Level or volume of activity. Unit selling prices; Variable cost per unit; Total fixed costs; Manpower Cost Direct and indirect
Cost classifications based on functions, activities, products, processes and on the information needs of the organization in its planning and control. Cost classifications based on the types of transactions. Combines objective and subjective assessment of costs contributing to a standard result. Aims to present a 'true and fair' view of ...
Direct labour and materials are relatively easy to trace directly to products, but it is more difficult to directly allocate indirect costs to products. Where products use common resources differently, some sort of weighting is needed in the cost allocation process. The cost driver is a factor that creates or drives the cost of the activity ...
A ratio's values may be distorted as account balances change from the beginning to the end of an accounting period. Use average values for such accounts whenever possible. Financial ratios are no more objective than the accounting methods employed. Changes in accounting policies or choices can yield drastically different ratio values. [6]
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is the ratio between the difference in costs and the difference in benefits of two interventions. The ICER may be stated as (C1 – C0)/(E1 – E0) in a simple example where C0 and E0 represent the cost and gain, respectively, from taking no health intervention action.
The view of resources – resources and their costs are considered foundational to proper cost modeling and decision support. An organization’s cost and revenues are all a function of the resources that produce them. Quantity-based modeling – the entire model is constructed using operational quantities.
Function cost analysis (FСА) (sometimes called function value analysis (FVA)) is a method of technical and economic research of the systems for purpose to optimize a parity between system's (as product or service) consumer functions or properties (also known as value) and expenses to achieve those functions or properties.