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The gene(s) may express as Tourette syndrome, as a milder tic disorder (transient or chronic tics), or as obsessive compulsive symptoms with no tics at all. [18] Only a minority of the children who inherit the gene(s) will have symptoms severe enough to require medical attention. [19]
Tic disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males than females. [3] At least one in five children experience some form of tic disorder, most frequently between the ages of seven and twelve. [9] [10] Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability ...
Observed prevalence rates are higher among children than adults because tics tend to remit or subside with maturity and a diagnosis may no longer be warranted for many adults. [38] Up to 1% of the overall population experiences tic disorders, including chronic tics and transient (provisional or unspecified) tics in childhood. [54]
Tic disorders occur along a spectrum, ranging from mild (transient or chronic tics) to more severe; Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. [23] Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. [23]
307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder; 307.21 Transient tic disorder: Must meet the following criteria in order to be diagnosed: A. Either one or multiple motor and/or vocal tics, for example, motor or vocal noises that are rapid, repeated, sudden, and nonrhythmic. B.
Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
307.22 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder; 307.21 Transient tic disorder ... or anxiolytic-induced anxiety disorder; ... psychological and physical signs and symptoms
Immediately preceding tic onset, most individuals with Tourette syndrome are aware of an urge, [6] which is similar to the need to sneeze or scratch an itch. Individuals describe the need to tic as the buildup of tension in a particular anatomical location, [7] which they consciously choose to release, as if the subject "had to do it". [8]