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Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Observed prevalence rates are higher among children than adults because tics tend to remit or subside with maturity and a diagnosis may no longer be warranted for many adults. [38] Up to 1% of the overall population experiences tic disorders, including chronic tics and transient (provisional or unspecified) tics in childhood. [54]
Tic disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males than females. [3] At least one in five children experience some form of tic disorder, most frequently between the ages of seven and twelve. [9] [10] Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability ...
As part of the treatment, family members and friends are advised not to call attention to the tics when the child is performing them. If they do, the child may develop more tics more frequently. Behavioral therapy and medication are often the choices of treatment for tic disorders in children. [17]
Tic disorders occur along a spectrum, ranging from mild (transient or chronic tics) to more severe; Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. [23] Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. [23]
The gene(s) may express as Tourette syndrome, as a milder tic disorder (transient or chronic tics), or as obsessive compulsive symptoms with no tics at all. [18] Only a minority of the children who inherit the gene(s) will have symptoms severe enough to require medical attention. [19]
Others are comfortable using them and even advocate for a stimulant trial when ADHD co-occurs with tics, because the symptoms of ADHD can be more impairing than tics. [265] [269] The stimulants are the first line of treatment for ADHD, with proven efficacy, but they do fail in up to 20% of cases, even in patients without tic disorders. [270]
The fifth revision of the DSM was published in 2013: it defined tic disorders in the motor disorders chapter of the neurodevelopmental disorders, and removed the word stereotyped from the description of tics; replaced transient tic disorder with provisional tic disorder; differentiated motor and vocal chronic tic disorder; removed the use of ...